Fornia



July 4, 1933. c. M. F. FRIDEN CALCULATING MACHINE Original Filed June 1, 1926 3 SheetsSheet 2 l mJmHLH INVENTOR Carl M- F l'den "nuns y 1933- 4 c. M. F. FRIDEN 1,916,610

CALCULATING MACHINE Original Filed June 1. 1926 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 FIE. 4 a jfil8 -9 INVENTUH By Car/ 07- F Frl'derz ATTORNEYS Patented Jul 4, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE cAnL M. F. FRIDEN, or OAKLAND,

CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR TO MARCHANT CALCULAT- IN G MACHINE COMPANY, OF EMERYVILLE, CALIFORNIA, A CORPORATION OF CALI- FORNIA CALCULATING MACHINE Application filed June 1, 1926, Serial No. 112,756. Renewed January 23, 1933.

The invention relates to calculating machines for performing problems in addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

The machine shown in the accompanying drawings is of the keyboard type, in which the values are introduced into the machine by the depression of keys. The depression of a key introduces a value corresponding to the numeral on the key into a rotatable actuator within the machine, rotation of the actuator being effected by a crank handle extending to the exterior of the machine to accomplish the calculating operation. The values introduced into the actuator are transmittcd, on rotation of the actuator, to the figure discs of a register or counting mechanism, which, for the purpose of making directaction of the selected values on the figure discs of highest value possible, is disposed in parallel displaceable relation to the axis of the actuator. In performing problems in ad dition and multiplication, the crank handle is rotated in a direction to cause forward rotation of the actuator, and in performing problems in subtraction and division, the crank handle is rotated in a direction to cause reverse rotation of the actuator.

a single full. cycle poin such position The actuator has sition and is stopped at the end of a calculating operation.

The numeral wheels of the register are provided wit-h tens-carrying means for carrying values from a wheel of lower order to the wheel of next highest order. In performing problems in division, the dividend is first entered into the actuator, the actuator then given one forward rotation to introduce the dividend into the register, and the actuator is then cleared. The divisor is then introduced into the actuator and the actuator is rotated in a reverse direction until the numeral wheel reading changes from a positive to a negative registrat on. This indicates that the actuator has been rotated in a reverse direction one time too much and the actuator is then rotated once in a forward direction, to change the registration from a negative to a positive reading and at the same time showing the proper reading in the quotient register. The transmission of the numeral wheel reading from a positive to a negative registration is usually indicated by a movement of the numeral wheels of highest order from zero to 9.

An object of the invention is to provide means for stopping the actuator in full cycle position when, upon a reverse direction of rotation of the actuator, the numeral wheel reading changes from a positive to a negative reading.

Another object of the invention is to provide means for stopping the actuator in full cycle position upon a change of reading in the register from positive to negative, in various longitudinally displaced positions of the carriage on which the register is mounted.

A further object of the invention is to provide means for preventing longitudinal movement of the carriage when the actuator has been stopped by the mechanism controlled by the transmission from a positive to a negative reading of the numeral wheels.

The invention possesses many other advantageous features, some of which with the foregoing will be set forth at length in the following description where I shall outline in full that form of the invention which I have selected for illustration in the drawings accompanying and forming part of the present specification. In said drawings I have shown one embodiment of my invention A but it is to be understood that I do not limit myself to such form, since the invention as set forth in the claims may be embodied in a plurality of forms.

It is manifest that the invention disclosed in this application may be combined with any suitable form of calculating mechanism. In the accompanying drawings I have shown the invention embodied in a calculating machine comprising a counting mechanism actuating device consisting ofa reversible r0- tatable actuator into which the values to be calculated are introduced, but it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to use in connection with a calculating machine having a counting mechanism actuating device of this character. Further, in the machine shown in the drawings, the values are entered into the actuator by means of a plurality of depressible keys, but it'is to be understood that other suitable or well known means may be employed for introducing the values into the device. It is preferable, however, to embody the invention in a keyboard calculating machine wherein the values are introduced into the machine by the depression of keys. The calculating machine shown in the accompanying drawings is of the true rotary type, embodying a 1'0- tatable actuator of the reversible cycle type, which is rotated from neutral or full cycle position through a complete cycle in either direction to perform a calculating operation.

Referring to said drawings:

Figure 1 is a plan view of a calculating machine embodying my invention, portions of the case and of the actuator being broken away to disclose the construction.

Figure 2 is a longitudinal vertical section through the machine, portionsof the mechanism being broken away and portions being shown in section to morefully disclose the construction. r

Figure 3 is a cross section taken on the line 33 Figure 2.

Figure 4 is an elevation partly in section,

showing the driving and control means for the actuator.

Figure 5 is a sectlon'taken on the line the first key 1n each I 5-5, Figure 4.

, ing from The calculating machine shown inthe drawings comprises a suitable base 2 on which are mounted side plates 3-4, between which the calculating mechanism is mounted, the mechanism being enclosed in a housing 5. The machine includes a'rotatable actuator of the same general type as the actuator disclosed in the Trinks Patent No.

' 975,180 of November 8, 1910., This actuator comprises a plurality of discs carrying project'able pins,

the surface of the disc being dependent upon the angular position of the cam plate 6 associated with each disc. The discs are secured to a shaft. 7 journalled in the side frames 3 and 4 and the shaft is rotated by means of the crank handle 8, which is geared directly to the shaft 7 by the gears 9 and 12, the gear 9 being secured to the shaft 13' of the crank handle and. the gear 12 being secured to the shaft 7. The crank handle is stopped in neutral position or full cycle position by any means, such as a handle pin which is largely used in calculating machines of the rotary type.

The actuator comprises a series of discs 14 and associated cam plates 6 and the number of pins projected from the disc 14 is determined by the angular position-of the cam the number of pins projectthe gear and sprocket wheel rotate together,

and the gear and sprocket wheel assembly 1s journalled on a shaft 18, so that it is free to rotate with. respect tothe shaft. The shaft 18 extends transversely of the machine and is provided with a plurality of gear and sprocket wheel assemblies, there being one sprocket wheel for each cam plate 6. The sprocket wheel and gear assembly are held in contact with each other by the collar 19 secured to the shaft 18, so that the sprocket wheel will be moved in the direction of the axis of the shaft 18, upon longitudinal movement of the shaft, as will be set forth hereinafter. Meshing with each sprocket wheel 16 is a sprocket wheel 21 to which is secured a numeral wheel 22 of an indicator register for indicating the values introduced into the actuator. Rotation of the sprocket wheel 16 causes rotation of the cam plates 6 to project the selected number of pins from the wheel 14.

Associated with each wheel of the actuator is a row of depressible keys 23, the keys being numbered from 1 to 9 consecutively and row serving as a clearance key. Each row of keys 23 is mounted in a frame 24 and the keys are normally held in elevated position by the springs 25. Each key stem is provided adjacent its lower end leased by causing movement of the slide 27 1 and this may be caused by either depression of the clearance key or by depression of one of the other keys in the row.

Each key stem is provided with an in- H clined face 28, the inclination of the face depending upon the value of the key. Slidably mounted in the frame 24 adjacent the inclined faces 28 is a key bar 29 provided with a plurality of pins 31, each pin' being normally in contact with its respective inclined face 28. 7

Upon depression of any of the value keys 23 the inclined face thereof causes longitudinal movement of the key bar 29 to an ex-- tent depending upon the inclination of the face. At the upper end of each face, each key stem is provided with an overhanging lip 32 which forms, with the inclined face, a seat'or socket in which the pin 31 is held, thus positively positioning the key bar 29 in accordance with the value of the depressed key. Pivoted to the frame 24 is a bell crank lever 33 which is connected at one end to the 'key bar 29, the end of the lever slotted to permit of movement of the lever and the key bar. The lever 33 is normally held in its upper position. and the key bar 29 is normally held in its retracted position by the spring 34 connected to the lever 33. At its outer end the lever 33 is provided with an arcuate rack 35 which meshes with the gear 17. It is understood that one key section and its associated key bar is provided for each gear 17. Depression of a value key 23 causes a movement of the key lever 33 for a distance depending upon the value of the depressed key and consequently causes a rotation of the cam plate 6 to project the number of pins corresponding to the value of the depressed key.

he cam disc 6 rotates with the shaft 7 upon rotation of the actuator, and therefore means are provided for moving the sprocket wheel 16 out of engagement with the teeth before the actuator is rotated. This is accomplished by moving the sprocket wheels 16 transversely and in order to permit this movement and prevent the rack bars from moving out of engagement with the gears 17, the gears 17 are made of suificient width to permit the transverse movement of the sprocket wheels 16 without causing disconnection of the rack 35 and the gear 17. Axial movement of the shaft 18 to move the sprocket wheels 16 transversely is accomplished upon the initial movement of the crank 8. The shaft 18 is journaled at one end in the side plate 3, and at the other end in the bracket 37 wlnch lies contiguous to the gear 9. The

gear 9 is provided on its face contiguous with the bracket 37 with a rounded depression in which the rounded end of the shaft 18 seats.

This end of the shaft is normally held in the depression by the spring 38 interposed between the side plates 3 and the collar 39 secured to the shaft 18. The initial movement of the crank 8 thus unseats the end of the shaft 18 from the depression, causing the shaft to move to the left, moving the sprockets 16 out of engagement with the teeth 15 on the cam plates. Toprevent the initial movement of the crank 8 from causing rotation of the actuator, the gear 12 is provided with a radial slot 41 in which there is disposed? a radial pin 42 which projects from the shaft 7. The slot is of greater width than the pin, so that the gear 12 has a freedom of movement before it causes rotation of the shaft 7. Therefore, the initial rotation of the crank 8 is not effective in causing rotation of the actuator.

Means are provided for preventing rotation of the cam plate with respect to the wheels 14 during the rotation of the actuator. Each cam plate is provided on its inner periphery with a series of ten V-shaped notches 43, of the same angular spacing as the pins in the actuator disc, and. arranged in the disc is a spring pressed ball 91 which serves to centralize the cam plate in adjusted position.

eans are provided for preventing depres sion of the ball, when the actuator is out of full cycle position, to prevent relative move-.

ment of the cam plate with respect to its associated disc. Disposed behind the ball is a stem 92 which is urged outward by a spring 93, the inner end of the stem being normally disposed at the outer surface of a slot 94 on t e inner periphery of the disc. When the ball is depressed the stem exten into the slot and by providing means for filling the slot, the depression of the ball is prevented. Disposed in the slot 94 and in a registering slot in the actuator shaft 7 is a slide bar provided on its outer surface with a pluralityof notches 44 which normally register with the inner ends of the stems 92, permittin g inward movement of the stems. The initial movement of rotation of the crankhandle 8 causes a longitudinal movement of the slide bar 45 to bring the unnotched portion thereof int-o registry with the end of the stem, thus preventing rotational movement of the cam plate with respect to the wheel. The bar 45 is moved longitudinally by means of the disc 46' jcurnaled on the shaft 7, to which the slide bar is secured. The disc 46 bears in the slot in a collar 47 secured to the shaft 18 so that upon longitudinal movement of the shaft 18 the slide bar 45 is also moved longitudinally to lock the cam plate against rotation with respect to the shaft 7. Longitudinal movement of the shaft 18 also moves the sprocket wheels 16 out of mesh with the sprocket wheels 21 of the register 22, so that this register is not operated during the rotation of the actuator.

Arranged in front of the actuator is a longitudinally displaceable carriage 51 on which are arranged the product or dividend register 52 and the multiplier or quotient register 53. The product register comprises a series of numeral wheels which are acted on by the projected pins of the actuator, during rotation of the actuator. The multiplier or quotient register 53 comprises a series of numeral wheels which are acted on by the rotating finger 54 which rotates in synchronism with the actuator. The respective figure disc of the register 53 which is acted on by the "nger 54 depends upon the longitudinally displaced position of the carriage. The finger 54 is secured to a gear 55 which is in mesh with a gear 56 secured to the actuator shaft 7. The register 52'comprises a series of numeral wheels 57 and to each numeral wheel there,is secured a sprocket 58 which is in mesh with the intermediate wheel 59 which is in turn acted on by the pins of the actuator. Each numeral wheel is provided 76 of the lever, rocks with a transfer lever 61 which is rocked as the associated numeral wheel changes sign from a positive to a negative reading and vice versa. The transfer lever, when rocked backward, lies in the path of the transfer pin 62, causing the pin to move the intermediate wheel of the figure disc of the next highest order, one step. The transfer lever is'immediately moved backward to its normal position by a pad on the actuator after the transfer pin has effected movement of the numeral wheel of next highest order. When the ma chine is employed in performing problems in division, the actuator is rotated in a clockwise or reverse direction and when operating in this direction, a change of sign from positive to negative of the numeral wheel of highest order acted on by the actuator will cause the transfer levers to change the sign of all of the numeral .wheels of successively higher order from a positive to a negative registration. That is, the numeral wheels of the order above the order being acted on will change from-zero to 9. Means are provided for stopping the actuator in full cycle position when the numeral wheels of higher order change from a positive to a negative registration.

Secured to the shaft 7 of the actuator is a cam shaped hook or stopping member 64. Pivoted to the base of the machine is a normally restrained spring energized lever 66 carrying on its end aroller 67 which is adapted to contact with and engage the stop member 64 when the lever 66 is released. The lever 66 is held in restrained position against the action of the spring 68 by engagement of the latch 69 with the pin 71 on the lever. \Vhen the latch is moved backward to release the lever 66, the roller 67 springs into contact with the stop member 64 and when the hooked or seat portion thereon contacts with the roller, the actuator is stopped. The stop member is so positioned that the actuator is brought to a stop in full cycle position The latch member or trigger member 69 is controlled by the numeral wheels of higher order. Secured to and projecting from the transfer lever of highest order is a pin 7 3 and projecting from a plurality of transfer levers of lower order are the pins 7 4L Pivoted to the base of the machine behind the pins 7 3 and 74 is a latch control lever 75 having an elongated portion 76 extending in the direction of the movement of the carriage. The lever 7 5 is connected at its free end to the trigger 69, so that downward movement of the longitudinally extending portion the latch 69 in a direction to release the .lever 66. The pin 73 projecting from the last transfer lever overlies the longitudinally extending portion 76 so that as the last transfer lever is rocked, during a change of registration from positive to negative, the pin 73 contacts with and ing rocks the lever 7 5, releasing the latch 69. Due to the length of the elongated portion 76, the pin 7 3 will contact with the lever 75 for a plurality of shifted positions of the carriage. The rear end of the lever 75 is normally held depressed and is returned to depress d position after it has been raised by the p'n 73 by the fiat spring 78 overlying the free portion of the lever. It is apparent therefore that when the transfer lever 73 is rocked, the latch 69 is moved to release the lever 66, which springs upward into contact with the stop 64, bringing the actuator to a stop in full cycle position. The pins 74 extending backward from the transfer levers of lower order than the highest, are of not sufiicient length to overlie the longitudinally extending portion 76 of the lever 75. This portion, however, 15 provided with a projectear 81 which will be disposed under one of the pins 74 when the carriage is shifted toward the left. Movement of the transfer lever associated with the pin overlying the car 81, will cause the lever 75 to be rocked and the actuator to be stopped in full cycle position. It is not desirable to have all of the pins 74 of such length that they will contact with the extended portion 76, since in -that event the actuator would be unnecessarily stopped in full cycle position, since frequent ly numerals of such magnitude are manipulated on the machine that the transfer lever associated with one of the pins 74 might be moved without causing a change of sign of the numeral wheels of higher order.

When the lever 75 is rocked by one of the pins 73 or 74, it immediately returns to normal position, bringing position for engagement with the lever 66. The stop member 64 is so shaped on its outer surface that forward or counterclockwise rotation of the actuator will rock the lever 66 back to restrained engaged by the latch 69.

Means are provided for preventing longitudinal movement of the carriage during the time that the lever 66 is in contact with the stop member 64. Guided in the base 2 and having a vertical movement therein, is a vertically disposed finger 83 having a bevelled upper edge 84 which is disposed between and in the path of the pins 7 3 and 74 when such pins are in their normal position. The finger 83 is flat in the direction of movement of the carriage and is mounted on a spring pressed lever 85v so that contact of the pinwith the upper beveled edge thereof, caused by longitudinal movement of the carriage, will cause depression of the finger 3, thereby permitting the carriage to be shifted. The lever 85 extends through an aperture in the base and is provided on its end with a foot 86 which underlies a pin 87 on the lever 66. When the lever 66 is held in restrained position by the latch 69,

the latch 69 back into position where it will be the pin 87 is held out of contact with the foot 86 so that the lever 85 may readily oscillate. lVhen, however, the lever 66 has been released and the upper end thereof is in contact with the stop member 64, the pin 87 is in contact with the foot 86, thereby preventing oscillation of the lever 85 and preventing depression of the finger 83. Therefore, when the actuator has been stopped in full cycle position by the lever 66, the carriage may not be shifted longitudinally. A forward rotation of the actuator relatches the lever 66 in restrained position and frees the finger 83, so that the carriage may readily be moved longitudinally.

I claim:

1. In a calculating machine, reversible registering mechanism, actuating means therefor, means controlled by said registering mechanism for stopping said actuating means, and means rendered effective during operation of said registering mechanism in one direction for disabling said stopping means.

2. In a calculating machine, registering mechanism, reversibly operable actuating means therefor, means controlled by said registering mechanism for stopping said actuating means, and means rendered effective by operation of said actuating means in one direction for disabling said stopping means.

In a calculating machine, reversible registering mechanism, actuating means therefor, means for stopping said actuating means comprising a normally energized restrained element and a trigger controlled by said registering mechanism for tripping said element, and means rendered effective during operation of said registering mechanism in one direction for disabling said stopping means and restoring said element.

4:. In a calculating machine, registering mechanism, reversibly operable actuating means therefor, means for stopping said actuating means, comprising a normally energized restrained element and a trigger'controlled by said registering mechanism for tripping said element, and means rendered effective by operation of said actuating means in one direction for disabling said stopping means and restoring said element.

5. In a calculating machine, numeral wheels, reversible actuating mechanism therefor and means controlled by the numeral Wheels for stopping the actuating mechanism in full cycle position and against movement in one direction only.

6. In a calculating machine, reversible numeral Wheels, actuating mechanism therefor having a reversible cycle of operation and means controlled by the numeral Wheels for stopping said actuating means in full cycle position upon rotation of the actuator in a reverse direction only.

7. In a calculating machine, numeral Wheels, actuating mechanism therefor, means for stopping the actuating mechanism in full cycle position, said Wheels and actuating mechanism being shiftable relatively to each other and means controlled by the stopping means for preventing relatively shiftable movement of the Wheels and actuating mechamsm. 8. In a calculatlng machine, numeral Wheels and actuating mechanism being shift- I able relatively to each other and means controlled by the numeral Wheels upon rotation thereof for locking said Wheels and actuating mechanism against relative shift.

10. In a calculating machine, numeral Wheels, actuating mechanism therefor having a reversible cycle of operation, said Wheels and actuating mechanism being shiftable relatively to each other and means operable during movement of the actuating mechanism in one direction for locking said Wheels and actuating mechanism against relative shift and operative upon movement in the opposite direction of the actuating mechanism for releasing said locking means.

11. In a calculating machine, numeral Wheels, actuating mechanism therefor having a reversible cycle of operation, said Wheels and actuating mechanism being shiftable relatively to each other and means operable during rotation of the actuating mechanism in one direction for stopping the actuating mechanism and locking the Wheels and mechanism against relative shift, said means being adapted to be restored to normal position upon movement of the actuating mechanism in the opposite direction.

12. In a calculating machine, numeral- Wheels, actuating mechanism therefor having a reversible cycle of operation, said Wheels and actuating mechanism being shiftable relatively to each other, means for stopping said actuating mechanism in full cycle position including a normally energized restrained element controlled by the numeral Wheels upon rotation thereof by reverse movement of the actuator for tripping said element, and means controlled by said element for preventing relative shifting movement of the Whee and actuating means, the element and trigger means trolled by the numeral wheels upon rotation thereof by reverse rotation of the actuator for stopping the actuator in full cycle position, including a normally energized restrained element, a trigger holding said element in restrained position adapted to be released by said rotation of the numeral wheels and adapted to latch the element in restrained position upon forward rotation of the actuator and means operative while said element is released to prevent longitudinal movement of the carriage.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand.

CARL M. F. FRIDEN 

